Hourly Workers Unhappier Than Salaried on Many Job Aspects

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Hourly workers in the U.S. are considerably less likely than salaried workers to say they are "completely satisfied" with their vacation time, retirement plans, overall earnings and health insurance benefits. Hourly workers are also less content with intangible measures such as job security, recognition for their accomplishments and opportunities for promotion.

	Salaried	Hourly	Difference
	%	%	pct. pts.
The amount of vacation time you receive	65	50	+15*
The retirement plan your employer offers	48	34	+14*
The amount of money you earn	41	29	+12*
The physical safety conditions of your workplace	83	72	+11*
Your job security	65	55	+10*
Your chances for promotion	45	35	+10*
The health insurance benefits your employer offers	45	35	+10*
The recognition you receive at work for your work accomplishments	55	46	+9*
The flexibility of your hours	64	62	+2
Your relations with coworkers	73	72	+1
Your boss or immediate supervisor	59	61	-2
The amount of work that is required of you	52	56	-4
The amount of on-the-job stress in your job	25	31	-6
* Statistically significant
Gallup (2014, 2016 and 2017 combined data)

These findings are from combined interviews conducted in 2014, 2016 and 2017 as part of Gallup's annual Work and Education poll.

Salaried workers are substantially more satisfied than hourly workers in eight of the 13 job aspects tested, with the biggest gaps seen on vacation time (65% vs. 50%, respectively), retirement benefits (48% vs. 34%) and pay (41% vs. 29%). Likewise, salaried workers are more satisfied than hourly workers with health insurance benefits (45% vs. 35%). This is not terribly surprising since salaried jobs are typically more likely than hourly jobs to offer higher pay and better benefits.

Meaningful differences also exist in workers' satisfaction with opportunities for promotion (45% satisfied among salaried vs. 35% satisfied among hourly) and recognition for accomplishments at work (55% vs. 46%).

While majorities of both salaried and hourly workers express complete satisfaction with the physical safety conditions of their workplace and their job security, the salaried group is more positive about both. Eighty-three percent of salaried workers are completely satisfied with the physical safety conditions of their workplace, compared with 72% of hourly workers. Job security follows this same pattern, with 65% of salaried workers and 55% of hourly workers expressing complete satisfaction.

Hourly workers are not significantly more satisfied than salaried workers on any of the workplace dimensions tested, but similar majorities of each say they are completely satisfied with coworker relationships, the flexibility of their hours and their immediate managers.

Composition of Salaried and Hourly Worker Groups

The two groups -- salaried and hourly -- not only differ attitudinally but also in their makeup. Compared with salaried workers, hourly workers are younger, less educated and live in households with lower annual incomes.

	All U.S. workers	Salaried	Hourly
	%	%	%
Age
18-29	20	15	26
30-49	47	48	46
50-64	28	34	23
65+	5	4	4
Education
College graduate	40	62	21
Not college graduate	59	37	79
Annual household income
<$30,000	13	5	19
$30,000-<$75,000	40	30	51
$75,000+	47	65	30
Type of worker
White collar	74	86	66
Blue collar	23	12	31
Race
Non-Hispanic white	68	74	64
Nonwhite	30	25	34
Gallup (2014, 2016 and 2017 combined data)

Adults younger than 30 make up 26% of hourly workers, compared with 15% of salaried workers.

Sixty-two percent of salaried workers graduated from college, while 79% of hourly workers did not. And while seven in 10 hourly workers have household incomes of less than $75,000, 65% of salaried workers are in households earning $75,000 or more.

More muted -- though still sizable -- differences are seen when comparing the two groups by race and by the type of work they perform. Overall, hourly workers are more likely to describe their work as "blue collar" than salaried employees are, and nonwhite workers are more likely to hold hourly jobs than salaried.

Implications

For all of the differences between salaried and hourly workers, roughly equal majorities of both are satisfied with their coworkers and their immediate managers.

Still, these two groups of workers present unique challenges for those who manage them. Hourly workers are significantly less satisfied with most aspects of their job, and as a result may be more difficult to manage. With the gig economy on the rise, hourly workers' lower satisfaction with various job aspects will likely only worsen.

Gallup's Employee Engagement Index tracks the percentage of U.S. employees who are engaged at work -- what Gallup defines as "those who are involved in, enthusiastic about and committed to their work and workplace." The current reading of 34% nationally makes it clear that managers of both salaried and hourly workers have their work cut out for them in this area. But managers of hourly workers may have a steeper hill to climb, as these workers are generally less satisfied with fundamental job aspects such as pay and benefits.

While managers may not be able to increase wages or improve benefits for their workers, they can try to improve the less tangible aspects of employment. For both hourly and salaried workers, Gallup polling suggests that managers would do well to start with workplace elements they can improve for all workers, such as offering recognition, providing flexible hours, and helping to manage employees' workload and stress. In the case of hourly workers, there's considerable room for improvement when it comes to recognizing their accomplishments on the job.

Survey Methods

Results for this Gallup poll are based on combined telephone interviews from Gallup's 2014, 2016 and 2017 Work and Education surveys, conducted each August with random samples of employed adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

For results based on the total sample of 1,509 employed adults, the margin of sampling error is ±3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. For results based on the total sample of 705 salaried employees, the margin of sampling error is ±5 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. For results based on the total sample of 619 hourly employees, the margin of sampling error is ±5 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. All reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.

View survey methodology, complete question responses and trends.

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